Interactive Transcript
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I like this diagram because it shows the different
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varieties of C1 vertebral fractures.
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The ones that I've shown so far have been the Jefferson burst
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fractures which have portions of the anterior and posterior arch
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of C1. And they show the mechanism here by axial loading.
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Here we have lateral mass fracture,
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just unilateral fracture.
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And this can occur with axial loading and rotation.
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Here the anterior arch of C1 fracture,
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axial loading with flexion and then the posterior arch
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of C1 fracture with axial loading and extension.
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So this is posterior, this is anterior
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on this diagram. On our CT scan,
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which is on our anatomic diagram,
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you see that there is fracture both of the anterior
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arch as well as the posterior arch.
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So the combination of the two represents the
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burst fracture, the Jefferson fracture.
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Here you have anterior arch extending into the lateral mass.
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So it's both the anterior arch as well as the lateral mass.
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And here you see the fracture across posterior arch.
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So this is a combination of the Jefferson fracture
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with a lateral mass fracture as well.
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And you can see again the offset of the lateral mass to
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the odontoid process lateral mass.
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So this is C1.
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This is C2 lateral offset implying potential instability
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and or ligamentous injury that can occur.
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So the stability depends really on this transverse ligament.
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Remember that the transverse ligament goes across the back
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of the odontoid process and attaches to the C1 lateral
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masses and across. And that is creating the stability of C1,
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C2 to each other.
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Now, along with the C1 fractures,
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we more commonly see odontoid fractures.
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I believe that odontoid fractures and clay shoveler's
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fractures are the two most common cervical spine fractures.
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The odontoid fractures are separated by the classification
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showing Type I just at the tip of the odontoid process.
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Type II at the base,
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but not extending into the vertebral body.
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And then the Type III extending into
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the vertebral body of the C2.
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And I showed you one that was kind of close.
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It was just at the neck of the odontoid process,
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but did seem to extend into the C2 body.
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So you may blur the margins here between them with Type II and
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Type III, depending upon how deep it
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goes into the vertebral body of C2.
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Here you can see a fracture which extends not into
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the vertebral body, at least on the plane films.
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Here you can see it again right across here,
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representing the Type II odontoid fracture.
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Notice that there is just a slight bit of offset posteriorly
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of the superior fracture fragment from the
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inferior fragment of the C2 body.
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