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Case 27 - Jefferson's Burst Fracture: Summary

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I like this diagram because it shows the different

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varieties of C1 vertebral fractures.

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The ones that I've shown so far have been the Jefferson burst

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fractures which have portions of the anterior and posterior arch

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of C1. And they show the mechanism here by axial loading.

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Here we have lateral mass fracture,

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just unilateral fracture.

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And this can occur with axial loading and rotation.

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Here the anterior arch of C1 fracture,

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axial loading with flexion and then the posterior arch

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of C1 fracture with axial loading and extension.

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So this is posterior, this is anterior

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on this diagram. On our CT scan,

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which is on our anatomic diagram,

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you see that there is fracture both of the anterior

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arch as well as the posterior arch.

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So the combination of the two represents the

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burst fracture, the Jefferson fracture.

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Here you have anterior arch extending into the lateral mass.

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So it's both the anterior arch as well as the lateral mass.

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And here you see the fracture across posterior arch.

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So this is a combination of the Jefferson fracture

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with a lateral mass fracture as well.

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And you can see again the offset of the lateral mass to

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the odontoid process lateral mass.

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So this is C1.

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This is C2 lateral offset implying potential instability

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and or ligamentous injury that can occur.

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So the stability depends really on this transverse ligament.

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Remember that the transverse ligament goes across the back

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of the odontoid process and attaches to the C1 lateral

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masses and across. And that is creating the stability of C1,

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C2 to each other.

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Now, along with the C1 fractures,

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we more commonly see odontoid fractures.

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I believe that odontoid fractures and clay shoveler's

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fractures are the two most common cervical spine fractures.

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The odontoid fractures are separated by the classification

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showing Type I just at the tip of the odontoid process.

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Type II at the base,

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but not extending into the vertebral body.

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And then the Type III extending into

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the vertebral body of the C2.

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And I showed you one that was kind of close.

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It was just at the neck of the odontoid process,

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but did seem to extend into the C2 body.

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So you may blur the margins here between them with Type II and

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Type III, depending upon how deep it

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goes into the vertebral body of C2.

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Here you can see a fracture which extends not into

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the vertebral body, at least on the plane films.

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Here you can see it again right across here,

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representing the Type II odontoid fracture.

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Notice that there is just a slight bit of offset posteriorly

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of the superior fracture fragment from the

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inferior fragment of the C2 body.

Report

Faculty

David M Yousem, MD, MBA

Professor of Radiology, Vice Chairman and Associate Dean

Johns Hopkins University

Tags

Neuroradiology

Head and Neck

Emergency

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