Interactive Transcript
0:01
Hello and welcome to Noon Conference hosted by MRI Online. Noon Conference
0:06
was created when the pandemic hit as a way to connect the global
0:09
radiology community through free live educational conferences that are accessible
0:13
for all. It has become an amazing weekly opportunity to learn alongside
0:17
radiologists from around the world, and we encourage you to ask questions
0:20
and share ideas to help the community learn and grow.
0:23
You can access the recording of today's conference and previous Noon Conferences
0:27
by creating a free MRI Online account. The link will be provided in
0:30
the chat box. You can also sign up for a free trial of
0:33
MRI Online premium membership to get access to hundreds of case based micro
0:38
learning courses across all key radiology sub specialties. Learn more at
0:42
mrionline.com. Today we're honored to welcome Dr. Sikandar for a lecture
0:47
on PET CT and abdominal pathologies. Dr. Sikandar is president of the ISMRM
0:55
India chapter, Indian ambassador of the European Society of Hybrid, Molecular
1:00
and Translational Imaging, and associate editor of the International Journal
1:04
of MRI. At the end of the lecture, join Dr. Sikandar in a
1:08
Q&A session where he will address questions you may have on today's topic.
1:12
Please use the Q&A chat feature to submit your questions, and we will
1:16
get to as many as we can before our time is up. Closed
1:19
captioning and subtitles and a live transcript is now available for this
1:22
meeting. You can turn on captioning using the closed captioning button at
1:26
the bottom of your Zoom screen. You can also view the full transcript
1:30
by selecting the arrow next to the CC Live Transcript button and clicking
1:34
View Full Transcript. You can disable either at any time by navigating to
1:38
the same button and clicking Hide Subtitle or Close Full Transcript.
1:43
Please note this is a new feature, so it may not be 100%
1:46
accurate. But that being said, we are ready to begin today's lecture.
1:50
Dr. Sikandar, please take it from here. Thank you for a nice introduction,
1:57
and I welcome all the attendees pan world. Good morning, good afternoon,
2:01
and good evening to all of you. Now moving on. My topic today
2:09
is PET CT in abdominal pathologies. But before that, I just want to
2:13
give you a very short and brief overview of what exactly the molecular imaging.
2:18
We know there are different presets and there are different components,
2:22
different modalities which are involved in this molecular imaging. And the
2:27
commonest ones are magnetic resonance that is MR, optical imaging, SPECT,
2:32
PET probes and imaging of molecular interaction, nano imaging, stem cell
2:37
imaging, genetic imaging, and optical imaging variants like you have bioluminescence,
2:43
fluorescence and other things. Now coming to the molecular imaging, it is
2:48
early 21st century, it is a discipline of intersection of molecular biology
2:54
and in vivo imaging. So it is a visualization of the cellular functions,
2:59
which is follow up of the molecular processes without disturbing them.
3:03
So the diagnosis of diseases like cancer, neurological and cardiovascular
3:08
pathologies can be easily diagnosed. And this is how the evolution of the
3:13
molecular and functional imaging has given a new direction to the human
3:18
genome. We all know the molecular imaging is also a part of traditional
3:24
imaging, because a lot of probes which are known as biomarkers were used.
3:29
And this image particularly targets all the various pathways which are involved
3:34
in this molecular imaging. So what is the role of biomarkers? They interact
3:39
chemically in their surroundings, they alter the image, they can do molecular
3:44
changes. But most important within the areas of interest.
3:49
So here, focusing the area of interest, the molecular imaging can be targeted
3:54
and used as a diagnostic tool, and in future, used as a therapeutic tool.
3:59
So that is where the diagnostics will be coming in picture.
4:04
Now we all know the different modalities. Now coming to PET. Just very
4:09
brief overview of PET. PET is a positron emission tomography and computed
4:13
tomography. It is a combination of functional as well as anatomical imaging.
4:18
And that's the reason it is known as metabolic imaging technique using the
4:23
radio labeled analogs like glucose, as glucose is one of the important metabolic
4:29
agent or the active agent which is being used by the normal tissues,
4:36
and this is significantly increased in the malignancies. And coming to CT,
4:41
we all know it is a tomographic imaging technique which uses an X ray beam
4:44
to produce anatomical images. So this anatomical information is needed to
4:49
detect, determine the location and extent of the malignancies.
4:55
So it is a hybrid modality. It is a hybrid scanner with an
4:59
integrated devices containing both CT as well as PET in a single patient
5:05
table and capable of doing both CT or PET or both at a time. Usually, PET
5:11
CT is used for the PET, but in some scenarios we can do
5:14
CT individually. So that is also an individual application of PET individually,
5:19
but PET usually is not being done now with the advent of the hybrid imaging.
5:25
So it is a fusion of the process of aligning these both images
5:28
leading to combined imaging displays, leading to various analysis. So this
5:34
analysis is based on the combination of the images and displaying the images,
5:39
and these fused images are displayed in various color coding that is
5:44
available by different vendors. And CT, we all know it is being used
5:48
by the grayscale. Now coming to the important aspect before going directly
5:54
to the cases. So we have the scintillators. So what is the role of
5:57
scintillators? They are the basic components, like we have detectors on
6:02
the PET CT. So scintillators are comprised of the various components,
6:07
like you have thallium, which are activated with sodium iodide, bismuth
6:11
germanate, gadolinium oxyorthosilicate, and lutetium oxyorthosilicate that
6:17
is light output. So among this, the most widely commonly used scintillator
6:23
is lutetium oxyorthosilicate, that is LSO crystal, and these are having
6:27
13 by 13 LSO block detectors. Now coming to the positron emitters.
6:33
So what are the emitters actually? So these are positron emitters. You have
6:38
radioisotopes and you have half life. So these are the emitters which are
6:42
based on the radioactivity. So radioactivity means you have to have the
6:46
radioisotope. What is a radioisotope? So it is a natural or artificial form
6:53
of an element which is known as radioisotope. But here in PET, most
6:57
of them, they are prepared artificially in a cycle.
© 2024 MRI Online. All Rights Reserved.